Competition makes people competitive
In the US in general and California in particular, the school districts are smaller than in Ontario, meaning that there are way more of them and that it is generally feasible for parents to drive their kids to a school in two or three different districts. This article explains how the Riverside Unified School Distict declared itself a District of Choice, meaning that parents in other school districts could send their kids to a Riverside school without any red tape. As a result of this and some other school choice options (like a science and technology middle school and a virtual school starting at grade 3), the district has attracted almost 1000 new students and reversed its trend of declining enrolment. Roughly 30 other California school districts have followed the Riverside Unified School District in declaring themselves Districts of Choice, and of course none of their neighbours likes the "poaching" of their own students. In fact, one school district, Rowland Unified School District, took Walnut Valley Unified to court - and won! But generally speaking, the poached districts pretty much have to suck it up and start competing.
Of course in Ontario, the school boards are too big for this scenario. However, in Ontario we have contiguous public and Catholic school boards, along with the interesting anomaly that non-Catholic parents can send their kids to Catholic high schools but not to Catholic elementary schools. So I formed the hypothesis that there would be a wider achievement gap between the province's elementary Catholic and public schools compared to the achievement gap between the secondary Catholic and public schools - due to the greater degree of competition between public and Catholic school boards at the high school level. I compared last year's average grade 3 math EQAO scores of all the public schools with the average grade 3 math EQAO scores of all the Catholic schools and found a difference of 3.96 percentage points. I then compared last year's average grade 9 math EQAO scores of advanced students between public and Catholic school boards, and found a difference of 1.27 percentage points - bearing out my hypothesis.
In both comparisons, btw, the Catholic school boards were superior, with approximately 66% of Catholic students passing the grade math 3 test compared to approximately 62% of public students, and approxiately 82.5% of Catholic advanced students passing the grade 9 math test compared to approximately 81% of public advanced students.




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